Viral Infections

We’ve all been there – what starts with a runny nose and a few sneezes can quickly turn into feeling unwell, a fever, and days spent in bed. Viral infections are lurking around every corner – we’ll give you the most important facts and tips on how to prepare your immune system to fight off viruses and what really helps when you have an acute infection.

What is a viral infection?

A viral infection is caused by viruses—tiny pathogens that can survive and reproduce only inside the body’s cells. Unlike bacteria, which can live independently, viruses depend on a host. Among the most common viral infections are the common cold, the flu, and COVID-19. A viral infection usually leads to respiratory symptoms, but other organ systems can also be affected. Another major issue that has received significant attention, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, is post-infectious fatigue syndrome. This can occur when the immune system overreacts during a viral infection, causing cell damage and reducing mitochondrial energy production.

Viral infections occur primarily during the colder months, from fall through spring. Cold weather weakens the mucous membranes, and dry, heated indoor air makes it easier for viruses to spread. Crowded conditions on buses, trains, and in enclosed spaces facilitate the spread of the virus.

Cold or Flu
What’s the difference?

Colds and the flu are often confused because their symptoms appear similar. However, the differences are striking:

Cold: Usually caused by rhinoviruses. Symptoms develop gradually and include a runny nose, sore throat, and a mild fever. The course of the illness is generally mild and lasts about a week.

Flu (influenza): Caused by influenza viruses and can be significantly more severe. Symptoms appear suddenly and intensely, with a high fever, extreme fatigue, body aches, and a dry cough.

The Difference Between Viral and Bacterial Infections
Why Don’t Antibiotics Work?

While bacterial infections are caused by bacteria, antibiotics target only bacteria. Viruses, on the other hand, have a different structure and mechanism, so antibiotics are ineffective against them. A viral infection can be treated with symptomatic care (rest, fluids, pain relievers) and, in some cases, with antiviral medications. Incorrectly prescribed antibiotics can not only lead to antibiotic resistance, which is dangerous in the long term, but also damage the gut flora (which consists of bacteria). It is important to seek a professional evaluation from a doctor.

Do I have a viral infection?
Here’s how to tell:

Viral infections often present with general symptoms such as:

Runny or stuffy nose
Cough
Sore throat
Headache
Fever
Fatigue and exhaustion

If symptoms such as purulent sputum, a high fever lasting several days, or severe malaise occur, you should see a doctor to rule out bacterial complications.

I have a viral infection. What really helps? What can I do?

If you’re already sick, well-known home remedies and over-the-counter medications can relieve symptoms and speed up the healing process:

Drink tea: Chamomile or ginger tea has a soothing and anti-inflammatory effect.

Saline nasal sprays: These help moisturize the nasal membranes and loosen mucus. Look for natural products without preservatives that you can use over an extended period.

Rest and relaxation: Your body needs rest to fight off the infection. Get plenty of sleep and avoid strenuous activities.

Hydration: Drinking plenty of water or unsweetened tea helps detoxify the body and keep the mucous membranes moist.

During an infection, the immune system works at full capacity. It is essential to provide the immune system with the right nutrients during this phase and to support it in its fight against the virus. Furthermore, it is important to protect and support the cells and mitochondria even during the infection itself in order to prevent post-infectious fatigue syndromes (e.g., Long COVID).

In 2022, three physicians published a treatment protocol for “spike protein-associated clinical presentations.” In this protocol, Dr. Ruth Poglitsch, Dr. Josef Mittermaier, and Priv. Doz. Dr. med. univ. Veronika Matzi described which micronutrients should be taken during an acute COVID-19 infection. This recommendation can generally be applied to all viral infections. These micronutrients support the immune system, can reduce the spread of the virus in the body, and help lower the risk of post-infectious fatigue syndrome.

Recommended micronutrients include:

Vitamin D combined with Vitamin K2 (Vitamin D is essentially the “boss of the immune system” and has many beneficial properties. The combination with K2 is important for calcium metabolism) – – AKG and 5-HMF as an oral solution
Zinc (Reduces the duration and intensity of symptoms and plays a key role in numerous cellular processes) Quercetin (strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of viral illness. It can curb viral replication and limit their spread, and also has a general inhibitory effect on various viruses in the body)
Lysine (counteracts the amino acid arginine, which is required for viral division and replication. Lysine is also involved in the formation of antibodies.)
Melatonin (has anti-inflammatory properties and protects against viral infections)
Acetylcysteine (Important anti-inflammatory effect)
Vitamin C as L-ascorbate threonate ester (Ester-C) (a special form of vitamin C with high bioavailability and gentle on the stomach. It offers numerous health benefits, including strengthening the immune system and providing antioxidant effects)

It is important to consume these micronutrients in high quality and at the correct dosage, as some of them have immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, according to the treatment plan, the recommendation would be as follows:

Vitamin D 10,000–20,000 IU together with vitamin K2 (100 µg) daily
AKG 2.4 g and 5-HMF 240 mg as an oral solution
Vitamin C as L-ascorbate threonate ester (Ester-C), 2 capsules every 2 hours
Zinc 3 × 60 mg daily, together with
Quercetin 3 × 500 mg daily
Lysine 3 × 500–1,000 mg daily
Acetylcysteine 600 mg 3 times daily
Melatonin 20–40 mg transdermally (as a cream) spread throughout the day

This treatment protocol was published by physicians in the leading journal for orthomolecular medicine, OM & Ernährung, Issue No. 181.

What do I need to get from the pharmacy?

Some over-the-counter medications can relieve symptoms:

Stuffy nose: Saline nasal sprays are a gentle and effective solution. For more severe cases, decongestant sprays can be used, but only for a short time.

Sore throat: Lozenges or pain-relieving throat sprays help alleviate the discomfort. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken for severe sore throats.

Headaches and body aches: Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen are helpful here.

Does it make sense or not?
Combination products

Combination medications that treat multiple symptoms at once (e.g., a runny nose, cough, and fever) can be convenient if you’re experiencing many symptoms at the same time. However, they should only be used for a short time, as they often contain multiple active ingredients that aren’t always necessary.

How can I prepare?

There are a few simple steps you can take to stay protected during cold and flu season and prepare your immune system for an infection:

Hygiene: Washing your hands regularly with soap is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from viruses.

Social distancing: Avoid large crowds, especially in poorly ventilated rooms.

Healthy lifestyle: Make sure to eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, and exercise—this strengthens your immune system.

Blood vitamin D levels: Target vitamin D level above 100 ng/ml

AKG and 5-HMF oral solution: 1–2 sachets daily for at least 21 days (boosts the cell’s aerobic capacity)

Stress and Sleep
The Impact on Susceptibility to Infections

Stress and lack of sleep weaken the immune system. Studies show that people with chronic stress or insufficient sleep are more likely to develop infections. The body needs these periods of rest to maintain its immune defenses. Regular breaks and rest periods can therefore help reduce the risk of infection.